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HLA-B27-Positive Leprosy Masquerading as Peripheral Spondyloarthritis: A Case Report
Qian Peng1, Afang Xu1, Qijing Xiao1
1Dermatology Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center For Skin Diseases, Candidate Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Skin Diseases, JXHC Key Laboratory of Skin Infection and Immunity, The Affiliated Dermatology Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
Introduction:
Leprosy, caused by Mycobacterium leprae, is primarily characterized by cutaneous and peripheral nerve involvement. Nonetheless, musculoskeletal manifestations are also frequently observed and are commonly misdiagnosed as rheumatic diseases.
Case Presentation:
We report a case of lepromatous leprosy presenting with chronic arthritis and HLA-B27 positivity, which was misdiagnosed as peripheral spondyloarthritis in the early stage due to the absence of typical clinical manifestations.
Conclusion:
Lepromatous leprosy may mimic peripheral spondyloarthritis, especially with HLA-B27 positivity. Clinicians should consider leprosy in refractory arthritis or neuropathy, even in non-endemic areas, to prevent disability and transmission.
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