Unraveling the Factors Shaping Sleep Quality among Postmenopausal Women in Indonesia

Sleep quality is a subjective experience related to satisfaction and feelings after waking. Many menopausal women struggle to achieve adequate sleep, averaging less than 7 hours per night.

The purpose of this study was to identify unraveling the factors shaping sleep quality among postmenopausal women in Indonesia.

This research is a correlative descriptive study with a quantitative approach using a cross-sectional design. Determination of the sample in this study using the accidental sampling method ( n  = 256) in women aged ≥ 40 years in Indonesia with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire instrument to determine sleep quality. Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) to assess psychological factors, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) for social support, and the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS).

The results showed that the proportion of menopausal women aged 50 to 72 years in Indonesia with poor sleep quality was 72.3%. Variables that significantly affect the sleep quality of menopausal women in bivariate analysis were age(OR = 2.898; 95%CI = 1.650-5.090; p  < 0.001), level of education(OR = 2.035; 95%CI = 1.115-3.713; p  = 0.019), anxiety level (OR = 2.027; 95%CI = 1.010-4.069; p  = 0.044), stress level (OR = 4.640; 95%CI = 2.573-8.368; p  < 0.001), social support(OR = 0.484; 95%CI = 0.273-0.860; p  = 0.013) and menopausal symptoms(OR = 4.596; 95%CI = 1.069-19.766; p  = 0.026). Then in multivariate analysis, stress level (OR = 6.075; 95%CI = 3.147- 11.727; p  < 0.001) was the most dominant factor affecting sleep quality.

It can be concluded that there were factors that significantly affected menopausal women, namely age, education level, anxiety level, stress level, social support, and menopausal symptoms with stress levels being the most dominating factor in menopausal women's sleep quality.