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On-Chip Octanol-Assisted Liposome Assembly for Bioengineering

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From Cellular Organization to Synthetic Platforms: Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation as a Framework for Functional

Yuran Deng¹, Juntao Hu¹, Jiachun Wang¹

¹Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|January 2, 2026

Summary

Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) forms dynamic biomolecular condensates for cellular organization. Engineered condensates offer new applications in bioengineering, from catalysis to biosensing.

Keywords:

bioinspired materials biomolecular condensates membraneless organelles multivalent interactions phase separation

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Area of Science:

Biophysics
Cellular Biology
Bioengineering

Background:

Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) drives the formation of membrane-less biomolecular condensates.
These condensates organize cellular biochemistry through multivalent interactions, regulating gene expression, signaling, and stress responses.
Dysregulation of LLPS is linked to pathological aggregation and disease.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the molecular mechanisms and design strategies of LLPS-mediated condensates.
To explore the translational prospects of engineered condensates in various applications.
To bridge cellular biophysics and bioengineering through LLPS principles.

Main Methods:

Analysis of molecular interactions driving LLPS.
Quantitative assessment of phase behavior in condensate formation.
Integration of structural insights and synthetic biology tools for condensate engineering.

Main Results:

LLPS enables tunable and reversible compartmentalization of biomolecules.
Engineered condensates demonstrate controllable composition, properties, and activities.
Applications include enhanced catalysis, metabolic control, drug delivery, and biosensing.

Conclusions:

LLPS is a key biophysical process for cellular organization and function.
Engineered condensates hold significant potential for diverse bioengineering applications.
Future research at the interface of biophysics and bioengineering is warranted.