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X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal...
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German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...
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The cytoskeletal architecture can be studied using different microscopic and biochemical techniques. Electron microscopy was instrumental in discovering the cytoskeletal architecture around the 1960s, which allowed obtaining structural information at a high-resolution level. However, the sample preparation procedure often limits this ability in biological samples. Several protocols have been developed over the years to optimize sample preparation. In one of the protocols known as rotary...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

High-resolution Fiber-optic Microendoscopy for in situ Cellular Imaging
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Exploring fibers with X-ray eyes.

Cinzia Giannini1

  • 1Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Giovanni Amendola, 122/o, 70126 Bari, Italy.

Iucrj
|January 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A new method simplifies analyzing complex X-ray diffraction patterns from fibers. This approach enhances the interpretation of structural data for materials science research.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Crystallography
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Interpreting X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns from fibrous materials can be challenging due to complex data.
  • Accurate structural analysis is crucial for understanding fiber properties and performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss a novel analytical approach for interpreting complex X-ray diffraction patterns.
  • To provide a framework for more effective analysis of fiber structures using XRD data.

Main Methods:

  • The study discusses a new analytical method for processing and interpreting XRD data.
  • Focuses on techniques applicable to complex fiber diffraction patterns.

Main Results:

  • The novel approach offers a more straightforward interpretation of intricate XRD patterns.
Keywords:
SAXSWAXSfibersmaterials sciencenanostructuresmall-angle X-ray scatteringwide-angle X-ray scattering

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  • Potential for improved accuracy in structural determination of fibrous materials.

    • Conclusions:

    • The discussed analytical approach represents a significant advancement in fiber X-ray diffraction analysis.
    • This method is expected to benefit researchers in materials science and related fields.