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Caring in Ambulance Encounters With Older Patients With Complex Care Needs: A Phenomenographic Study
Ann-Therese Hedqvist1,2,3, Mats Holmberg1,2,4,5
1Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar/Växjö, Sweden.
Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences
|January 2, 2026
Summary
Nurses perceive caring in ambulance settings as balancing medical needs, negotiating responsibility, and meeting ethical demands. This understanding highlights the complex, multidimensional nature of care for older patients with complex needs.
Area of Science:
- Nursing Science
- Healthcare Practice
- Qualitative Research
Background:
- Caring is a fundamental nursing concept with varied interpretations across settings.
- Ambulance care presents unique challenges in caring for older patients with complex needs.
- Lifeworld-led caring perspective guides the exploration of caring in this context.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe variations in nurses' perceptions of caring.
- Focus on ambulance encounters with older patients with complex care needs.
Main Methods:
- Qualitative study using a phenomenographic approach.
- Semi-structured interviews with 16 nurses in Swedish ambulance care.
- Phenomenographic analysis of interview data.
Main Results:
- Identified three distinct perceptions of caring: 'Caring as balancing symptoms and medical care,' 'Caring as negotiating responsibility,' and 'Caring as responding to an ethical demand.'
Conclusions:
- Caring in ambulance care is multidimensional, integrating clinical, relational, and ethical aspects.
- Nurses demonstrate moral sensitivity, relational engagement, and professional responsibility.
- Findings inform education, reflective practice, and policy for ambulance care.
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