A novel rectangular aperture quadrupole electromagnet.

Area of Science:

• Electromagnetism
• Particle Accelerator Technology
• Applied Physics

Background:

• Conventional quadrupole electromagnets, such as hyperbolic iron pole and Panofsky designs, have limitations in strength and field quality.
• Optimizing electromagnet design is crucial for enhancing performance in particle accelerators and other applications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To present an analytical model for iron-dominated quadrupole electromagnets with square or rectangular apertures.
• To evaluate the strength and field quality of the proposed model in comparison to existing quadrupole designs.

Main Methods:

• Development of an analytical model for iron-dominated quadrupole electromagnets with a fixed core aperture.
• Analysis of electromagnet strength and field quality for square and rectangular apertures under varying conditions.
• Investigation of gap tuning techniques to reduce specific field harmonics.

Main Results:

• The proposed model achieves approximately 70% the strength of hyperbolic quadrupoles at similar excitation and current density.
• It is up to four times stronger than Panofsky quadrupoles for square apertures with better field quality and low current density.
• Gap tuning can reduce the 12th pole field, similar to Halbach quadrupoles, and a coil design is presented to cancel the 12th pole for square aperture Panofsky quadrupoles.

Conclusions:

• The presented analytical model offers a stronger and more efficient alternative to the Panofsky quadrupole electromagnet.
• The model demonstrates competitive performance compared to conventional hyperbolic iron pole quadrupoles, especially with air-cooled coils.
• Fine-tuning coil and core geometry allows for field quality improvements, making it suitable for demanding applications.