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Updated: Jan 7, 2026

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A novel rectangular aperture quadrupole electromagnet.

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  • 1Free Electron Laser and Utilization Section, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452013, India.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new analytical model for quadrupole electromagnets offers improved strength and field quality compared to existing designs. This iron-dominated model provides a stronger, more efficient alternative for various applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Electromagnetism
  • Particle Accelerator Technology
  • Applied Physics

Background:

  • Conventional quadrupole electromagnets, such as hyperbolic iron pole and Panofsky designs, have limitations in strength and field quality.
  • Optimizing electromagnet design is crucial for enhancing performance in particle accelerators and other applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present an analytical model for iron-dominated quadrupole electromagnets with square or rectangular apertures.
  • To evaluate the strength and field quality of the proposed model in comparison to existing quadrupole designs.

Main Methods:

  • Development of an analytical model for iron-dominated quadrupole electromagnets with a fixed core aperture.
  • Analysis of electromagnet strength and field quality for square and rectangular apertures under varying conditions.
  • Investigation of gap tuning techniques to reduce specific field harmonics.

Main Results:

  • The proposed model achieves approximately 70% the strength of hyperbolic quadrupoles at similar excitation and current density.
  • It is up to four times stronger than Panofsky quadrupoles for square apertures with better field quality and low current density.
  • Gap tuning can reduce the 12th pole field, similar to Halbach quadrupoles, and a coil design is presented to cancel the 12th pole for square aperture Panofsky quadrupoles.

Conclusions:

  • The presented analytical model offers a stronger and more efficient alternative to the Panofsky quadrupole electromagnet.
  • The model demonstrates competitive performance compared to conventional hyperbolic iron pole quadrupoles, especially with air-cooled coils.
  • Fine-tuning coil and core geometry allows for field quality improvements, making it suitable for demanding applications.