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Multimorbidity trends in Catalonia, 2010-21: a population-based cohort study.

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Multimorbidity (multiple chronic diseases) is rising across all ages and socioeconomic groups, particularly affecting lower-income individuals. Urgent preventive strategies are needed to address increasing disease burden and mortality risks.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Rising longevity presents a growing challenge of multimorbidity for healthcare systems.
  • Understanding multimorbidity trends across socioeconomic strata is crucial for public health planning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe trends in multimorbidity prevalence and incidence.
  • To analyze these trends across different socioeconomic groups and birth cohorts in Catalonia.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized primary care health records for 1,551,126 individuals (2010-2021).
  • Documented age- and sex-specific multimorbidity prevalence and incidence.
  • Stratified analysis by income groups and birth cohorts.
  • Employed logistic regression to assess multimorbidity's association with mortality.

Main Results:

  • Multimorbidity prevalence increased for both sexes and all cohorts, with higher rates in women.
  • Each cohort exhibited higher prevalence than predecessors did a decade prior.
  • A pronounced socioeconomic gradient was observed, with lower-income individuals facing worse outcomes.
  • Older cohorts showed higher incidence across adult ages, with differing disease patterns (degenerative vs. mental health).
  • Multimorbidity significantly increased mortality risk across all age groups.

Conclusions:

  • Increases in multimorbidity and its socioeconomic disparities necessitate urgent preventive strategies.
  • Focus is needed on delaying onset and slowing progression, especially in younger generations.