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Pulsed electrolysis overcomes challenges in electrocatalytic nitrate reduction (eNO3RR) by mitigating magnesium ion interference in wastewater. This method enhances nitrate removal and ammonia production for sustainable nitrogen recovery.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction (eNO3RR) to ammonia is a promising sustainable technology for wastewater treatment and nitrogen recovery.
  • Real-world wastewater contains interfering ions, such as Mg2+, that inhibit eNO3RR performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the use of pulsed electrolysis to overcome Mg2+ inhibition in eNO3RR.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which pulsed electrolysis mitigates ion interference.

Main Methods:

  • Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction experiments were conducted under static and pulsed conditions with and without Mg2+.
  • Mechanistic studies involved analyzing catalyst surface changes and interfacial ion dynamics.
  • Performance was evaluated based on nitrate removal efficiency and ammonia yield rate.

Main Results:

  • Optimized pulsed electrolysis restored eNO3RR performance inhibited by Mg2+, achieving 98.0% nitrate removal and 3544.7 μg h-1 cm-2 ammonia yield.
  • Pulsing suppressed local pH elevation, reduced Mg2+ accumulation via electric-field-induced repulsion, and enriched K+ at the interface.
  • The pulsed strategy demonstrated broad applicability by mitigating cationic interference in complex wastewater analogs.

Conclusions:

  • Pulsed electrolysis is an effective strategy to enhance eNO3RR in the presence of interfering ions like Mg2+.
  • The study reveals the mechanistic basis of pulsed electrolysis for ion redistribution in complex water matrices.
  • This work establishes a generalizable framework for improving electrocatalytic water treatment processes under realistic conditions.