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Updated: Jan 7, 2026

An Orthotopic Murine Model of Human Prostate Cancer Metastasis
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An Orthotopic Murine Model of Human Prostate Cancer Metastasis

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TDP2 drives immune evasion and metastatic progression in prostate cancer

Huan Cao1, Anyin Pan2, Yuetao Chen2

  • 1Haining People's Hospital, Haining, Zhejiang, P.R. China.

Plos One
|January 2, 2026
PubMed

Insights

TDP2 promotes prostate cancer progression by suppressing immune responses and enhancing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Targeting TDP2 may offer a new therapeutic strategy for prostate cancer patients.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Prostate cancer progression involves immune evasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).
  • The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in these processes.
  • Understanding key regulators within the TME is vital for developing effective therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of TDP2 in modulating the prostate cancer TME.
  • To explore TDP2's impact on immune cell interactions and EMT pathways.
  • To assess TDP2 as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target.

Main Methods:

  • Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to analyze TME composition.
  • Pathway enrichment analysis to identify key signaling pathways.
  • Survival analysis of prostate cancer patient data.

Main Results:

  • High TDP2 expression in epithelial cells correlates with extensive interactions with myeloid cells, macrophages, and fibroblasts.
  • TDP2 overexpression suppresses M1 macrophage polarization and dendritic cell (DC) maturation, impairing CD8+ T cell activation and promoting immune evasion.
  • TDP2-high expression is linked to enriched EMT pathways (COLLAGEN, GALECTIN, MIDKINE, ONCOSTATIN M), promoting tumor cell migration, invasion, and immune evasion.
  • Elevated TDP2 levels are associated with poor clinical outcomes in prostate cancer patients.

Conclusions:

  • TDP2 is a significant regulator of the prostate cancer TME.
  • TDP2 influences immune responses and promotes EMT, contributing to tumor progression and therapy resistance.
  • TDP2 shows potential as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for prostate cancer.

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