Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

14.9K
Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature...
14.9K
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

8.4K
The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
8.4K
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

15.8K
The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
15.8K
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

83.3K
Overview
83.3K
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

2.8K
The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
2.8K
Humoral Immune Responses01:36

Humoral Immune Responses

83.2K
Overview
83.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Family functioning types and self-injury risk among left-behind secondary school students: a latent profile analysis with shame as a mediator.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same author

Exosomes in Glioma: Integrating Molecular Mechanisms with Diagnostic and Therapeutic Potential.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same author

Biocatalysis and biodegradation for efficient utilization of liquid n-alkanes.

Biotechnology advances·2026
Same author

Microbial metabolism of food allergens determines the severity of IgE-mediated anaphylaxis.

Cell host & microbe·2026
Same author

Utilization, metabolic regulation and applications of hydrophobic substrates in <i>Yarrowia lipolytica</i>.

Synthetic and systems biotechnology·2026
Same author

The International/Canadian hereditary angioedema guideline.

Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology·2026
Same journal

Evolution and development of innate immune memory.

Science immunology·2026
Same journal

The evolving biology of T cell memory: A dynamic continuum of function and persistence.

Science immunology·2026
Same journal

Memories that endure.

Science immunology·2026
Same journal

ILC2s shoot 4 making 13s.

Science immunology·2026
Same journal

Molecular and tissue regulation of memory B cells.

Science immunology·2026
Same journal

A breath of fresh AIR in novel CAR T cell design.

Science immunology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

The Isolation, Differentiation, and Quantification of Human Antibody-secreting B Cells from Blood: ELISpot as a Functional Readout of Humoral Immunity
08:26

The Isolation, Differentiation, and Quantification of Human Antibody-secreting B Cells from Blood: ELISpot as a Functional Readout of Humoral Immunity

Published on: December 14, 2016

15.9K

Pathogenic IgE-fated memory B cell responses retain functional plasticity.

Kelly Bruton1, Allyssa Phelps1, Atai Ariaz1

  • 1Schroeder Allergy & Immunology Research Institute and Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

Science Immunology
|January 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Allergic responses driven by immunoglobulin E (IgE) depend on interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13. Blocking these cytokines redirects memory B cells (MBCs) toward a type 1-like response, offering new therapeutic avenues.

More Related Videos

In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells
10:26

In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells

Published on: January 20, 2019

13.0K
Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay
06:15

Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Published on: September 7, 2018

9.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 7, 2026

The Isolation, Differentiation, and Quantification of Human Antibody-secreting B Cells from Blood: ELISpot as a Functional Readout of Humoral Immunity
08:26

The Isolation, Differentiation, and Quantification of Human Antibody-secreting B Cells from Blood: ELISpot as a Functional Readout of Humoral Immunity

Published on: December 14, 2016

15.9K
In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells
10:26

In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells

Published on: January 20, 2019

13.0K
Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay
06:15

Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Published on: September 7, 2018

9.8K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Allergy Research
  • B cell Biology

Background:

  • Long-lived immunoglobulin E (IgE) responses are maintained by memory B cells (MBCs) primed for interleukin-4 (IL-4).
  • The plasticity of MBCs, particularly their potential for IgE class switch recombination, is not well understood.
  • Understanding this plasticity is crucial for developing effective allergy treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of IL-4 and IL-13 in the development of pathogenic IgE responses.
  • To explore the plasticity of type 2-polarized MBCs during recall responses.
  • To identify potential therapeutic strategies for modulating IgE-mediated allergies.

Main Methods:

  • Studied recall responses in mice and humans.
  • Manipulated interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 signaling pathways.
  • Analyzed the phenotype of memory B cells (MBCs) using flow cytometry and immunological assays.
  • Investigated the role of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) signaling.

Main Results:

  • IL-4 and IL-13 signaling are critical for the pathogenic IgE fate of type 2-polarized MBCs.
  • Absence of IL-4 and IL-13 signaling diminished the type 2 MBC phenotype in both mice and humans.
  • This blockade permitted the emergence of long-lived Ag-specific IgG2c+ MBCs, indicating a shift towards a type 1-like response.
  • The reprogrammed response was sustained independently of therapeutic intervention.

Conclusions:

  • The fate of type 2-polarized MBCs is critically dependent on IL-4 and IL-13.
  • Allergen-specific B cell recall responses exhibit significant plasticity.
  • Modulating IL-4/IL-13 signaling can reprogram MBCs away from IgE production, offering a potential therapeutic strategy for allergies.