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Related Concept Videos

¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution00:52

¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution

1.2K
At room temperature, the chair conformer of cyclohexane undergoes rapid ring flipping between two equivalent chair conformers at a rate of approximately 105 times per second. These two chair conformers are in equilibrium. The rapid ring flipping results in the interconversion of the axial proton to an equatorial proton and an equatorial to the axial proton. Such interconversions are too rapid and cannot be detected on the NMR timescale. Hence, the NMR spectrometer cannot distinguish between the...
1.2K
¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Variable-Temperature NMR01:15

¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Variable-Temperature NMR

1.6K
The axial and equatorial protons in cyclohexane can be distinguished by performing a variable-temperature NMR experiment. In this process, except for one proton, the remaining eleven protons are replaced by deuterium. The deuterium substitution avoids the possible peak splitting caused by the spin-spin coupling between the adjacent protons. The remaining proton flips between the axial and equatorial positions.
1.6K

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Ultrafast Lignin Extraction from Unusual Mediterranean Lignocellulosic Residues
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Exploring Lignin Conformation in Organic and Deep Eutectic Solvents Using Small-Angle Neutron Scattering.

Subramee Sarkar1, Maggie Kroon2, Daniel Papp1

  • 1Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Naturvetarvägen 24, Lund 223 62, Sweden.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study uses small-angle neutron scattering to reveal how lignin

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Lignin is a promising sustainable biopolymer but challenging to characterize due to aggregation.
  • Accurate molecular weight and structural determination are hindered by aggregation and lack of standards.
  • Understanding lignin's behavior in different solvents is crucial for its application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To precisely measure lignin's conformation and aggregation in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and deep eutectic solvents (DES).
  • To investigate the influence of DES on lignin structure and solvation.
  • To provide insights for optimizing lignin processing and applications.

Main Methods:

  • Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) was employed.
  • Lignin samples were analyzed in THF and various DES.
  • Solvent polarity was modulated using D2O to observe structural changes.

Main Results:

  • Lignin in THF showed loosely associated conformations, with organosolv lignin elongating upon D2O addition.
  • Lignin in DES adopted dense, cylindrical, or fractal-like morphologies with strong solvent interactions.
  • Lignin structures exhibited varying sensitivity to D2O and temperature in different solvents.

Conclusions:

  • Lignin's conformation is highly dependent on the solvent system used.
  • Deep eutectic solvents (DES) offer unique solvation environments for lignin.
  • These findings enable more accurate lignin characterization and processing for advanced biobased materials.