Socioeconomic Differences in Nutrient Intake, Metabolite Profiles, and Blood Pressure: The African-PREDICT Study
Michél Strauss-Kruger1, Marlien Pieters2, Tertia van Zyl2
1Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, North-West Province, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Extramural Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
The Journal of Nutrition
|January 2, 2026
Summary
Socioeconomic status (SES) is linked to higher blood pressure (BP) in young adults. Diet and body composition play key roles in this relationship, highlighting the importance of healthy weight and nutrition for BP regulation.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Health
- Nutritional Science
- Metabolomics
Background:
- Socioeconomic status (SES) influences lifestyle behaviors, impacting blood pressure (BP).
- Food accessibility and affordability shape dietary patterns and the metabolome.
- Understanding SES-related BP differences is crucial for public health.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate BP variations across different SES groups.
- To examine the association between SES, nutrient intake, and nutrient-related metabolites.
- To explore the role of diet and body composition in SES-BP relationships.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional analysis of 479 Black and 503 White young adults (20-30 years) from the African-PREDICT study.
- 24-hour dietary recalls for nutrient intake assessment.
- Ambulatory BP monitoring and urinary metabolite analysis via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
Main Results:
- Higher SES groups exhibited elevated diastolic BP (DBP) in both Black and White participants.
- In White participants, higher SES was linked to increased intake of protein and fats, positively associated with systolic BP (SBP).
- Waist circumference increased with SES and correlated positively with BP; animal protein intake related to urinary proline, associated with BP.
Conclusions:
- SES is significantly associated with BP in young adults.
- Body composition and specific nutrient intakes are key mediators in the SES-BP relationship.
- Maintaining a healthy body weight and adhering to nutritional guidelines are vital for BP management.
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