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This study introduces a faster, more efficient quantum error correction (QEC) protocol using fewer gates for stabilizer measurement. The new method maintains fault tolerance, crucial for advancing quantum computing with fewer physical qubits.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum computing
  • Quantum error correction (QEC)

Background:

  • Quantum error correction (QEC) demands deep quantum circuits and numerous physical qubits to safeguard quantum information.
  • Reducing gate and space-time overheads is vital for efficient QEC in near-term quantum experiments.
  • Multiqubit gates can accelerate stabilizer measurement but may introduce correlated errors, impacting fault tolerance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a faster and more efficient protocol for surface code stabilizer readout.
  • To reduce the gate and space-time overheads associated with quantum error correction.
  • To demonstrate fault tolerance and comparable logical error probabilities compared to standard methods.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized two singly controlled Z gates (CZ2 gates) for stabilizer readout, replacing the conventional four CZ gates.
  • Derived time-optimal pulses for implementing the CZ2 gates.
  • Conducted extensive quantum error correction (QEC) numerical simulations incorporating Rydberg decay errors.

Main Results:

  • Achieved faster and more efficient surface code stabilizer readout using only two CZ2 gates.
  • The proposed scheme is fault tolerant and maintains comparable logical error probabilities to the standard four-CZ gate protocol.
  • Demonstrated a reduction in gate count and improved speed for QEC protocols.

Conclusions:

  • The developed CZ2 gate scheme offers a significant improvement in speed and efficiency for surface code stabilizer readout.
  • This method provides a viable blueprint for implementation in Rydberg atom arrays.
  • The fault-tolerant generalizations discussed pave the way for broader applications in various noise models and other QEC codes.