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Factors associated with pulmonary TB in malnourished children admitted to rehabilitation centres

P K Anand1, D Patel2, S Lata3

  • 1ICMR - National Institute for Implementation Research on Non-communicable Diseases, Jodhpur, India.

The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease : the Official Journal of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
|January 2, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Tuberculosis (TB) in malnourished children admitted to treatment centers in Rajasthan, India, was associated with persistent cough (≥2 weeks) and hepatomegaly. These findings support current TB diagnostic criteria and suggest hepatomegaly as a potential new indicator.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Malnutrition is a significant risk factor for tuberculosis (TB) in children.
  • Identifying TB-associated factors in malnourished children is crucial for early diagnosis and effective treatment.
  • Rajasthan, India, faces a considerable burden of childhood malnutrition and TB.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify factors associated with tuberculosis (TB) in malnourished children admitted to malnutrition treatment centers.
  • To analyze clinical and demographic data to pinpoint predictors of TB in this vulnerable population.

Main Methods:

  • A nested case-control study design was employed.
  • Clinical and demographic data from 39 confirmed TB cases and 512 controls were analyzed.
  • Crude and adjusted odds ratios were calculated to determine the significance of associated factors.

Main Results:

  • Persistent cough (≥2 weeks) was significantly associated with TB (OR=5.4, AOR=4.2).
  • Hepatomegaly emerged as a novel, independently significant factor associated with TB (AOR=2.4).
  • Other factors like fever duration (≥2 weeks) and Mantoux test results also showed associations in bivariate analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Findings reinforce the importance of prolonged cough (≥2 weeks) in the presumptive diagnosis of pediatric TB.
  • Hepatomegaly is identified as a potentially significant new associated factor in malnourished children with TB.
  • Further research with larger cohorts is recommended to validate the association of hepatomegaly with pediatric TB.

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