3D-Printed Models in Oral Surgery Simulation Training: A Scoping Review.

Area of Science:

• Medical Education
• Dental Surgery
• 3D Printing Technology

Background:

• Three-dimensional (3D) printing offers innovative tools for medical and dental education.
• 3D-printed simulation models provide valuable presurgical training in dental surgery.
• This review examines the application of 3D-printed models in dental education.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the scope, study types, key findings, limitations, and future research needs for 3D-printed models in dental education.
• To assess the effectiveness of 3D-printed simulation models in intraoral surgery training.
• To identify areas for improvement in the application of 3D printing for dental surgical education.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature search across seven databases up to June 2025.
• Used MeSH terms and keywords for dental surgery, educational interventions, and 3D printing.
• Included peer-reviewed English articles on 3D-printed models for intraoral surgery simulation.

Main Results:

• 34 studies met inclusion criteria, focusing on minor oral surgery, maxillofacial procedures, cleft palate, implant, and periodontal interventions.
• 3D-printed models were fabricated using various materials and printers, with evaluation via trainee feedback.
• Trainees reported improved technical skills, increased confidence, and reduced procedure time; challenges include replicating soft tissue realism.

Conclusions:

• 3D-printed models are effective for pre-operative planning and hands-on oral surgery training.
• Future research should focus on cost-efficient technologies and advanced materials for tissue replication.
• Well-designed studies are needed to support curriculum integration and enhance surgical education delivery.