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Related Concept Videos

pH01:24

pH

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The potential of hydrogen (pH) is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a water-based solution determined by the concentration of hydronium ions (H3O+). In one liter of pure water at neutral pH, there are 1×10−7 moles of hydronium ions. However, the extensive range of hydronium ion concentrations present in water-based solutions makes measuring pH in moles cumbersome. Therefore, a pH scale was developed to convert moles of hydronium ions into the negative logarithm of the hydronium...
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Synthesis of Thermogelling PolyN-isopropylacrylamide-graft-chondroitin Sulfate Composites with Alginate Microparticles for Tissue Engineering
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Injectable pH- and Temperature-Responsive Hydrogels for Scaffold Applications in Tissue Engineering.

Pawitchaya Madech1, Nuttawut Khammata1, Ain Us Saba1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.

Biomacromolecules
|January 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel injectable hydrogel scaffold for tissue engineering by combining carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL). This new CMC-g-(mPEG-b-PCL) system demonstrates promising biocompatibility and mechanical properties for bone and cartilage regeneration.

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Injectable Supramolecular Polymer-Nanoparticle Hydrogels for Cell and Drug Delivery Applications
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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Injectable hydrogels are promising for minimally invasive tissue engineering scaffolds.
  • Existing hydrogels often lack a combination of desired properties like biocompatibility, responsiveness, and mechanical strength.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel injectable hydrogel scaffold by integrating carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL).
  • To evaluate the physicochemical properties and cytocompatibility of the synthesized CMC-g-(mPEG-b-PCL) hydrogel for potential applications in bone and cartilage tissue engineering.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized a pH- and temperature-responsive CMC grafted with methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) [CMC-g-(mPEG-b-PCL)] via ring-opening polymerization and EDC/NHS coupling.
  • Characterized the hydrogel structure using 1H NMR and FTIR spectroscopy.
  • Evaluated sol-gel transition, rheological properties, porous structure (SEM), and cytocompatibility (MTT, live/dead assays) with L929 fibroblasts and MG63 cells.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized and characterized the CMC-g-(mPEG-b-PCL) graft copolymer.
  • The 32 wt% hydrogel exhibited favorable sol-gel transition, injectable properties under physiological conditions, and storage moduli comparable to cartilage tissue.
  • SEM revealed an interconnected porous structure, and cell viability assays confirmed excellent cytocompatibility with preserved cell morphology.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized CMC-g-(mPEG-b-PCL) hydrogel possesses desirable injectable, mechanical, and structural properties.
  • The hydrogel demonstrates significant potential as a biocompatible scaffold for bone and cartilage tissue engineering applications.