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Microalgae-Derived Extracellular Vesicle-Loaded 3D Alginate Hydrogels Promote In Vitro Skin and Bone Repair through
Noemi De Cesare1,2, Luna Ardondi2, Tommaso Pusceddu2
1Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials─National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), Naples 80125, Italy.
ACS Applied Bio Materials
|January 3, 2026
Summary
This study developed 3D printed hydrogels using microalgae vesicles to promote skin and bone healing. The materials directed distinct cell responses, showing potential for complex wound regeneration.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Regenerative Medicine
- Tissue Engineering
Background:
- Chronic wounds with exposed bone pose significant healing challenges.
- Need for advanced biomaterials that support both skin and bone regeneration.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop 3D printed alginate-based hydrogels incorporating microalgae-derived extracellular vesicles (MdEVs).
- To investigate the differential effects of MdEV-loaded hydrogels on skin and bone cells for wound repair.
Main Methods:
- Fabrication of 3D printed sodium alginate (SA) and alginate/hydroxyapatite (SA/HAP) hydrogels.
- Incorporation of microalgae-derived extracellular vesicles (MdEVs) from Ettlia oleoabundans.
- In vitro evaluation using human dermal fibroblasts (hDFs) and mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs).
Main Results:
- Printed hydrogels showed good architecture, mechanical stability, and biocompatibility.
- MdEV-loaded SA hydrogels promoted hDF viability and ECM remodeling.
- MdEV-loaded SA/HAP hydrogels stimulated hMSC pro-angiogenic and osteoinductive gene expression.
Conclusions:
- Algae-derived extracellular vesicles can act as versatile bioactive agents in biomaterials.
- Material composition dictates cell-type-specific responses for tailored tissue regeneration.
- This platform shows promise for developing next-generation biomaterials for complex wound healing.
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