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Medical Gases as Emerging Regulators of Paediatric Endocrine and Neurodevelopmental Pathways: A Mini-Review

Roberto Paparella1, Fabiola Panvino2, Ida Pucarelli1

  • 1Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.

Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)
|January 3, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Medical gases, known as gasotransmitters, regulate redox balance and cellular signaling. Their role in pediatric endocrine and neurodevelopmental pathways shows promise for future therapies targeting conditions like autism spectrum disorder.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Medical gases (nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, molecular hydrogen) are key regulators of redox balance and cellular signaling.
  • Paediatric endocrine and neurodevelopmental pathways are sensitive to oxidative and inflammatory disturbances.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the relevance of gasotransmitters in paediatric endocrine and neurodevelopmental pathways.
  • To examine their role in metabolic-redox homeostasis, bone biology, pubertal control, and neurodevelopment.
  • To explore their involvement in conditions like Klinefelter and Turner syndromes.

Main Methods:

  • Survey of preclinical and clinical studies from 2007-2025.
  • Focus on gas-mediated regulation of physiological processes.
  • Inclusion of studies on oxidative stress-related paediatric conditions.

Main Results:

  • Gasotransmitters modulate synaptic plasticity, neurotransmission, and neuroinflammation, impacting disorders like autism spectrum disorder and ADHD.
  • They influence metabolic regulation, osteogenesis, osteoclast activity, and hypothalamic control of puberty.
  • Mechanistic insights reveal translational potential in paediatric health.

Conclusions:

  • Paediatric clinical applications are currently limited but expanding.
  • Advances in omics, mechanistic studies, and gas delivery systems broaden therapeutic possibilities.
  • Integrating gasotransmitter biology into paediatric endocrinology and neurodevelopment can inform future strategies.
Abstract

Keywords:
gasotransmittersmedical gasesneurodevelopmentoxidative stresspaediatric endocrinology

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