Tuberculosis in children under 5 years of age in a low-burden setting: sociodemographic and epidemiological characteristics and healthcare utilization over a 10-year period (2010-2021)
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.Tuberculosis (TB) in young children is a significant public health issue in Portugal, particularly among the unvaccinated. Early diagnosis and improved primary healthcare access are crucial for better outcomes in pediatric TB cases.
Area Of Science
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases
- Public Health Surveillance
- Epidemiology of Tuberculosis
Background
- Tuberculosis (TB) poses a significant threat to children under 5, causing considerable morbidity and mortality.
- Pediatric TB is often underdiagnosed, underrepresented in research, and lacks adequate national policy focus.
Purpose Of The Study
- To characterize the sociodemographic, epidemiological, and healthcare utilization patterns of children under 5 diagnosed with TB in Portugal.
- To analyze primary healthcare (PHC) use, emergency department (ED) visits, and hospital admissions in this pediatric TB cohort.
Main Methods
- Quantitative, observational cohort study involving 58 children diagnosed with TB before age 5, reported via the National Epidemiological Surveillance System (SINAVE).
- Data linkage across five population-based databases.
- Descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses, and calculation of incidence rates per 1000 person-days for healthcare utilization.
Main Results
- Most TB cases (81.0%) occurred between ages 1-5; 55.2% were male, and 72.2% lived in metropolitan areas.
- Over half (58.6%) were unvaccinated with BCG; unvaccinated children were diagnosed earlier (p<0.01).
- Pulmonary TB was most common (51.7%), 68.4% were hospitalized, PHC use was low (32.7%), and ED visits were frequent, mainly for respiratory/infectious issues.
Conclusions
- Pediatric TB remains a critical public health concern in Portugal, especially impacting unvaccinated children.
- Enhanced primary healthcare access and preventive strategies are vital for improving early detection and management of TB in young children.
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