Vacuum frying of low-fat hairtail: process optimization, physicochemical dynamics, and volatile compounds
Wen Liu1, Mustapha Muhammad Nasiru2, Jicheng Xu1
1College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, 241000 Wuhu, Anhui, China.
None:
This study aimed to develop a visually appealing, low-oil vacuum-fried hairtail product by optimizing processing parameters through Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The synergistic effects of frying time, de-oiling duration, and frying temperature on the physicochemical properties, textural attributes, and volatile flavor profiles of low-fat hairtail were systematically investigated. Optimal conditions, including a frying time of 40 min, a de-oiling time of 6 min, and a frying temperature of 80 °C, were identified using single-factor experiments and a Box-Behnken design. Volatile compounds in both raw and vacuum-fried samples were characterized using Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry (GC-IMS), revealing 43 volatile organic compounds. Among them, hexanal, ethyl butyrate, and nonanal were notably abundant and likely contributed to the overall aroma profile. Glycine, aspartic acid, alanine, and glutamic acid impart a unique taste to vacuum-fried hairtail. This optimized approach overcame limitations associated with conventional single-factor experimentation, minimized energy consumption, and established precise control parameters suitable for automated production.
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