[Current status and prospects of exploring the etiology of diffuse cystic lung disease]

The true prevalence of diffuse cystic lung diseases (DCLDs) in the Chinese population is not well understood. Current real-world estimates suggest that both the incidence and prevalence of these conditions are likely substantially underestimated. As healthcare professionals, it is imperative to enhance recognition of the etiological complexity of DCLDs and avoid attributing imaging findings solely to common entities such as bullae or emphysema. Multidisciplinary collaboration, integrating clinical, radiological, pathological, and genetic expertise, is essential. Furthermore, efforts to establish and participate in DCLD registry studies and clinical cohort development should be strengthened. Research on the etiology of DCLDs in China is currently transitioning from phenotypic characterization to mechanistic investigation and precision intervention. Although challenges remain, opportunities are emerging. Promising areas inclued advances in translational research, the integration of multi-omics technologies into diagnostic workflows, and the development of specialized respiratory rare disease talent teams. These developments have the potential to establish a Chinese diagnostic framework and generate high-quality evidence on DCLDs.