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In vitro emergence of amoxicillin-resistance and impact of amoxicillin on biofilm production across Cutibacterium

L Ruffier d'Epenoux1,2, K Rwayane1, A Paquin3

  • 1Nantes Université, Univ Angers, CHU Nantes - Service de Bactériologie et des Contrôles Microbiologiques, INSERM, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in Immuno Therapy, INCIT, UMR 1302/EMR6001, Nantes, F-44000, France.

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases : Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology
|January 4, 2026
PubMed

Insights

This study found that Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) did not develop amoxicillin resistance in vitro. Amoxicillin was more effective preventing C. acnes biofilm formation than treating existing biofilms.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Pharmacology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) is a key factor in acne vulgaris pathogenesis.
  • Antibiotic resistance in C. acnes is a growing concern for acne treatment.
  • Amoxicillin is a commonly prescribed antibiotic for acne.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the in vitro development of amoxicillin resistance in C. acnes.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of amoxicillin against C. acnes biofilms.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro selection of amoxicillin resistance in eight C. acnes strains.
  • Biofilm susceptibility testing of amoxicillin under preventive and curative conditions.

Main Results:

  • No amoxicillin-resistant C. acnes mutants were selected, irrespective of phylotype.
  • Amoxicillin showed greater efficacy in preventing C. acnes biofilm formation compared to treating established biofilms.

Conclusions:

  • C. acnes demonstrated a low propensity for acquiring amoxicillin resistance in vitro.
  • Amoxicillin's effectiveness against C. acnes biofilms is condition-dependent, favoring preventive use.
Keywords:
Cutibacterium acnesAmoxicillinBiofilmMutant-resistantSelectionShoulder prosthesis

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