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Updated: Jan 7, 2026

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Published on: November 27, 2017
A Non-Invasive Monitoring of Bulking Agent with 3D Ultrasonography: a Scoping Review
Gautier Chene1,2, Emanuele Cerruto3, Erdogan Nohuz3
1Department of Gynecology, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, HFME, University Hospital of Lyon, 59 Boulevard Pinel, 69500, Bron, France. chenegautier@yahoo.fr.
Introduction And Hypothesis:
This scoping review is aimed at identifying three-dimensional ultrasound parameters associated with successful outcomes after bulking agent injection for stress urinary incontinence.
Methods:
A comprehensive search in Medline, Scopus, and Embase databases was conducted using combinations of the following keywords: 3D; Ultrasonography; Bulking agent. Inclusion criteria included cohort studies, observational studies, and reviews published in English from 2001 to August 2025.
Results:
Out of 157 articles in the initial database, 5 studies with 202 patients were eligible for inclusion in our literature review. Circumferential distribution (or horseshoe-shaped distribution) with proximal (or proximal and at the middle level) urethral location of bulking agent seems to be associated with better clinical outcomes.
Conclusions:
Although further studies are needed, 3D ultrasound could be a useful tool in the management strategy for stress urinary incontinence using bulking agents.
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