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Protected areas influence fire regimes globally.

A Cardil1, M Rodrigues2, D Ascoli3

  • 1Forest Science and Technology Centre of Catalonia (CTFC), Solsona, Spain; Technosylva Inc, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences and Engineering, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain.

Journal of Environmental Management
|January 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Protected areas (PAs) influence wildfire impacts globally. While generally less burned, some biomes show higher burned area within PAs, with varying effects based on protection levels and biome type.

Keywords:
BiomesEarthFire and environmental managementFire behaviorProtected areasVegetation typesWildfires

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Conservation Science
  • Fire Ecology

Background:

  • Protected areas (PAs) are crucial for global conservation, including managing fire regimes and mitigating wildfire impacts.
  • Understanding how different PA management levels affect fire is essential for effective conservation strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the influence of protected areas and International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) protection levels on global fire regimes.
  • To identify biome-specific variations in how PAs affect burned area and fire characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of global fire data from over 20 million fires.
  • Comparison of burned area (BA) within PAs versus PA extent.
  • Assessment of fire regime attributes (size, spread, intensity, duration) across different biomes and IUCN protection categories.

Main Results:

  • PAs generally showed a smaller proportion of burned area than their total extent, indicating lower wildfire impact.
  • Tropical grasslands, tropical dry broadleaf forests, and temperate conifer forests had a larger fraction of burned area within PAs.
  • Strictest IUCN categories (Ia, Ib) often correlated with lower burned area, but this varied by biome, with some showing increased fire proneness and intensity in these categories.

Conclusions:

  • Protected area networks significantly influence fire regimes globally, with impacts varying by biome and IUCN protection level.
  • Conservation policies should consider biome-specific fire dynamics and PA management strategies to optimize fire regime maintenance.
  • Targeted approaches are needed to strengthen PA networks for effective fire management and conservation outcomes.