Polyamine pathway in neurological disorders: Potential therapeutic implications based on current evidences

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Neuroscience
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• Polyamines (PAs) are low molecular weight, positively charged biogenic amines essential for cellular processes like nucleic acid stability, ion channel activity, and cell cycle regulation.
• Disruptions in polyamine synthesis and metabolism are observed in various neurological disorders, implicating the polyamine system in disease pathophysiology.
• Key enzymes such as ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SAT1), and spermine oxidase (SMOX) are involved in polyamine catabolism and disease progression.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the molecular mechanisms and connections of polyamines in cellular functions.
• To describe the links between polyamine system alterations and various neurological disorders.
• To propose therapeutic strategies targeting the polyamine system for neurological disorder treatment.

Main Methods:

• Literature review and analysis of existing studies on polyamines and neurological disorders.
• Exploration of molecular mechanisms underlying polyamine involvement in cellular processes.
• Identification of key enzymes and pathways in polyamine metabolism relevant to disease.

Main Results:

• Polyamines play diverse roles in fundamental cellular activities, including maintaining genomic stability and regulating gene expression.
• Altered levels of polyamines and their key metabolic enzymes are associated with the pathogenesis of numerous neurological conditions.
• The polyamine system influences downstream molecular pathways, contributing to distinct disease phenotypes.

Conclusions:

• Targeting the synthesis and metabolism of the polyamine system presents a promising therapeutic avenue for neurological disorders.
• Understanding the intricate role of polyamines in neurological diseases can lead to novel treatment strategies.
• This review provides an updated perspective on leveraging polyamine pathways for therapeutic interventions in neurological conditions.