Infection after cesarean delivery: diagnosis, pathophysiology, management, and prevention

Area of Science:

• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Infectious Diseases
• Surgical Site Infections

Background:

• Infection is a leading complication of cesarean delivery, encompassing endometritis, wound infections, and urinary tract infections.
• Understanding the causative microorganisms and risk factors is essential for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of common infections following cesarean delivery.
• To highlight key preventive measures and management of severe complications.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on endometritis, wound infection, and urinary tract infection post-cesarean delivery.
• Analysis of causative pathogens, risk factors, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

• Identified major pathogens and risk factors for each infection type.
• Outlined appropriate antibiotic regimens and preventive measures, including preoperative antibiotics and aseptic catheterization.
• Discussed differential diagnoses for postoperative fever and management of severe complications like pelvic abscess.

Conclusions:

• Effective prevention of cesarean delivery infections involves preoperative antibiotics, meticulous surgical site preparation, and aseptic urinary catheterization.
• Prompt diagnosis and targeted antibiotic therapy are critical for managing established infections and preventing severe outcomes.