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Evaluating AI chatbots in neurological function test interpretation for brain tumor surgery.

Jeeyoung Lee¹, Eun Ji Lee², Young Il Kim³

¹College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea.

Neurosurgical Review

|January 4, 2026

Summary

Large language models (LLMs) can accurately explain complex neuropsychological tests for brain tumor patients. These AI tools improve understanding and communication in neurosurgical care.

Keywords:

Artificial intelligence Brain tumor patients Large language models Neuropsychological tests Patient communication

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Artificial Intelligence
Medical Communication

Background:

Neuropsychological tests are crucial for brain tumor patient evaluation and surgical planning.
The complexity of these tests can be a barrier for patient and junior clinician comprehension.
The utility of large language model (LLM)-based chatbots for interpreting neuropsychological tests is unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the accuracy and patient-friendliness of LLM-generated explanations of neuropsychological tests.
To evaluate LLMs' potential to support communication in neurosurgical care for brain tumor patients.

Main Methods:

Twenty patients undergoing pre-surgical neuropsychological testing for brain tumors were included.
Three LLMs (ChatGPT, Copilot, Perplexity) were prompted with standardized questions about five specific tests.
Responses were evaluated for readability, understandability (using modified Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool), and expert-rated accuracy.

Main Results:

LLM responses showed readability scores between grades 9.6-11.0.
ChatGPT achieved the highest understandability (83.2%), excelling in explaining test purpose and methodology.
Perplexity demonstrated strong result interpretation and overall accuracy, with patients rating it highly for understandability and usefulness.

Conclusions:

LLMs can generate accurate and understandable explanations of neuropsychological tests.
These AI tools show promise in enhancing multidisciplinary care and patient communication within neurosurgery for brain tumors.