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  11. Multiscale Design Of Dual-gradient Metamaterials Using Gel-mediated 3d-printed Graphene Aerogels For Broadband Electromagnetic Absorption

Multiscale Design of Dual-Gradient Metamaterials Using Gel-Mediated 3D-Printed Graphene Aerogels for Broadband Electromagnetic Absorption

Xiong Lv1, Changfeng Li1, Ge Wang1

  • 1Institute for Composites Science Innovation (InCSI), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China.

Nano-Micro Letters
|January 4, 2026

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View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study developed a novel 3D-printed graphene aerogel using polyacrylic acid (PAA) gel for enhanced electromagnetic wave absorption (EWA). The material offers lightweight, broadband absorption, overcoming conductivity limitations for advanced manufacturing.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Electromagnetics

Background:

  • 3D-printed graphene aerogels show promise for electromagnetic wave absorption (EWA) due to low density and tunable properties.
  • High conductivity in graphene aerogels often leads to impedance mismatch, limiting their EWA performance.
  • 3D printing constraints affect the dielectric properties of graphene inks, hindering the development of high-performance absorbers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a polyacrylic acid (PAA) gel-mediated strategy for multiscale regulation of 3D porous graphene oxide (GO) aerogels.
  • To improve the rheological and dielectric properties of GO/PAA composites for direct ink writing (DIW) and enhanced EWA.
  • To create lightweight, broadband EWA materials by optimizing the composition-structure-performance relationship.

Main Methods:

Keywords:
Direct ink writingDual-gradient regulationElectromagnetic wave absorptionGel-mediated porous graphene aerogel

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  • Utilized a PAA gel-mediated approach to control the rheology and dielectric loss of GO/PAA composites.
  • Employed thermal reduction to decompose PAA into amorphous carbon nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide (rGO), enhancing interfacial polarization and conductive loss.
  • Integrated DIW with the developed aerogel to fabricate a metamaterial absorber (MA) with dual gradients.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a significant reduction in aerogel density from 28.2 to 6.9 mg cm⁻³.
  • The optimized rGO/PAA aerogel demonstrated a minimum reflection loss (RL) of -39.86 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 8.36 GHz.
  • The designed MA exhibited an ultrawide EAB of 14 GHz over a total thickness of 7.8 mm.

Conclusions:

  • The PAA gel strategy effectively tunes rheology and dielectric properties for DIW and EWA.
  • The resulting rGO/PAA aerogels offer superior impedance matching and synergistic loss mechanisms for enhanced absorption.
  • This work presents a viable coupled design paradigm for engineerable, lightweight, broadband EWA materials.