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Selective Confinement by a COF-Derived Sub-Nanoporous Interface for High-Performance CoF2 Thermal Battery Cathodes.

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|January 5, 2026
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Summary

Researchers developed a novel carbon interface to prevent transition metal fluoride cathode dissolution in high-voltage thermal batteries. This breakthrough enables enhanced performance and longevity for advanced energy storage systems.

Keywords:
covalent organic frameworksselective confinementsub‐nanoporethermal batterytransition metal fluoride cathodes

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Transition metal fluoride (TMF) cathodes suffer from dissolution issues in Li+-conducting systems, limiting their use in high-voltage thermal batteries.
  • This dissolution leads to performance degradation and reduced cycle life, hindering the development of advanced energy storage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the dissolution barrier of TMF cathodes by developing a selective confinement strategy.
  • To enable high-voltage thermal batteries with improved stability and energy density.

Main Methods:

  • Constructed a sub-nanoporous carbon interface in situ on CoF2 particles using a covalent organic framework (COF).
  • Engineered the interface with 0.54 nm pores to selectively confine dissolved species while allowing Li+ ion transport.
  • Investigated the mechanism of ion confinement and its effect on battery performance.

Main Results:

  • The engineered interface effectively suppressed the cathode shuttling effect by confining dissolved CoCl42- ions.
  • The modified CoF2 cathode achieved a high discharge plateau (>2.5 V), specific capacity (365 mAh g-1), and specific energy (882 Wh kg-1).
  • Demonstrated a high-performance thermal battery operating at 100 mA cm-2.

Conclusions:

  • The developed ion-sieving carbon interface is a general and effective strategy for stabilizing TMF cathodes.
  • This approach unlocks the potential of metal fluoride cathodes for advanced energy storage applications.
  • The study provides a pathway for designing robust and high-performance batteries.