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A Method to Manipulate Surface Tension of a Liquid Metal via Surface Oxidation and Reduction

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Dynamic Interfacial Modulation in Pt@Ga Liquid Metal Systems.

Zanyu Chen¹, Yixiao Zou¹, Wenda Chen¹

¹Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Precious Metal Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)

|January 5, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel liquid metal catalyst for efficient hydrogen production. By controlling gallium oxide layers, researchers created self-adaptive platinum catalysts that enhance performance in electrochemical systems.

Keywords:

directional growth of platinum hydrogen evolution reaction liquid catalyst metal‐support interaction supported catalyst

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Catalysis

Background:

Traditional solid catalysts face limitations in flexibility, mass transport, and stability.
Liquid metal catalysts, especially gallium (Ga), offer tunable properties and interfacial responsiveness.
The electrochemical behavior of Ga-based catalysts in alkaline media remains underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the potential of liquid metal catalysts for the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).
To explore the electrochemical interfacial behavior and oxide regulation of Ga-based catalysts.
To develop a novel design for self-adaptive liquid metal catalysts.

Main Methods:

Utilized a Pt@Ga model system for alkaline HER studies.
Precisely controlled the gallium surface oxide layer for in situ platinum (Pt) wire formation.
Employed in situ analysis to visualize Pt growth dynamics and interfacial interactions.

Main Results:

Achieved in situ formation of Pt wires with a high proportion of (200) crystal facets.
Demonstrated enhanced electronic coupling between Pt and Ga, overcoming solid support constraints.
Observed synergistic interactions accelerating charge and mass transport at the catalyst/electrolyte interface.

Conclusions:

Developed a novel liquid metal-based catalyst design for enhanced HER performance.
Oxide-regulated metal growth and dynamic interface evolution are key to boosting catalyst activity.
This approach offers a paradigm for next-generation self-adaptive catalytic systems in renewable energy.