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Seasonal Variation in Autoimmune Inner Ear Disease: A Preliminary Study.

Sriprachodaya Gaddam1, Adam Gardi, Philip Maxwell

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.

Otology & Neurotology : Official Publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [And] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology
|January 5, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Seasonal variations in hearing were observed in patients with autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED), with worse hearing in summer and spring. Flares of AIED symptoms were more common in winter, suggesting environmental influences.

Keywords:
Autoimmune diseaseAutoimmune inner ear diseaseSeasonal variationSensorineural hearing loss

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Immunology
  • Environmental Medicine

Background:

  • Autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED) is a condition affecting hearing and balance.
  • Potential environmental triggers for AIED symptom fluctuations are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate seasonal variations in audiogram data for patients diagnosed with AIED.
  • To determine if environmental factors influence AIED symptom severity.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective chart review of 141 adult patients with AIED from 2010 to 2023.
  • Audiometry metrics including pure tone average (PTA), high-frequency PTA (HFPTA), low-frequency PTA (LFPTA), and word discrimination score (WDS) were analyzed seasonally.
  • Patient complaints and prednisone prescriptions were used to identify symptom flares.

Main Results:

  • Worse hearing thresholds (0.9 dB) were noted in summer compared to winter for better-hearing ears.
  • High-frequency hearing loss increased in spring and summer, while low-frequency hearing loss increased in spring and summer for better-hearing ears.
  • Worse-hearing ears showed significant low-frequency hearing decline in spring, summer, and autumn compared to winter.
  • Symptom flares were more frequently reported in winter.
  • Control groups did not exhibit seasonal hearing variations.

Conclusions:

  • Audiogram changes and symptom flares in AIED may be linked to environmental factors.
  • Further research is needed to explore the impact of seasonal influences on AIED management and treatment.