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Arsenic Exposure and Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Children: A Cross‑Sectional Study.

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Summary

Arsenic exposure in children from Arica is linked to a higher prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Elevated urinary arsenic levels indicate increased risk for these developmental conditions.

Keywords:
arsenicchildrenexposureneurodevelopmental disorders

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Neuroscience
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Arsenic exposure is a potential risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs).
  • Previous research in Arica focused on arsenic and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), necessitating further investigation into other NDDs like autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the association between current urinary arsenic concentration and the prevalence of NDDs in children residing in Arica.
  • To explore the relationship between arsenic exposure and specific NDDs, including ADHD and ASD.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study utilizing secondary data from the FONIS project #SA22I0119.
  • Involved 450 children born between 2013 and 2016, with NDD diagnosis determined by parent self-reporting.
  • Measured urinary inorganic arsenic concentration, adjusted for creatinine, and employed logistic regression analysis accounting for confounding variables.

Main Results:

  • The prevalence of ADHD was 9.1%, ASD 5.3%, and overall NDDs 12%.
  • A mean urinary inorganic arsenic concentration of 19.8 μg/g creatinine was observed, with 7.6% of children exceeding 35 μg/g.
  • Children with urinary arsenic levels ≥35 μg/g creatinine showed a significantly higher likelihood of presenting with NDDs (OR: 2.93) and ADHD (OR: 3.85) after adjusting for confounders.

Conclusions:

  • Findings suggest a significant association between arsenic exposure and the prevalence of NDDs in children.
  • Results contribute to the growing body of evidence on the detrimental effects of arsenic on child neurodevelopment.
  • Highlights the need for public health interventions to mitigate arsenic exposure in vulnerable populations.