Periprosthetic Proximal Femoral Fractures: A Comprehensive Review of Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Classification and...

Area of Science:

• Orthopedic Surgery
• Biomedical Engineering

Background:

• Periprosthetic proximal femoral fractures (PPFFs) are increasing due to higher hip arthroplasty rates.
• These fractures present significant challenges, including implant instability and patient morbidity.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the epidemiology, risk factors, and management strategies for PPFFs.
• To discuss current and emerging treatment innovations for these fractures.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on PPFF epidemiology, risk factors, and classification.
• Analysis of surgical strategies, including traditional and novel fixation techniques.
• Exploration of advancements in 3D printing and artificial intelligence for treatment planning.

Main Results:

• Patient factors (age, sex, osteoporosis) and implant factors (type, fixation) influence PPFF risk.
• The Vancouver classification guides management, from conservative care to revision arthroplasty.
• New fixation methods (angle-stable, double plating) and technologies (3D printing, AI) show promise.

Conclusions:

• Effective management of PPFFs requires understanding risk stratification and evidence-based treatments.
• Emerging technologies offer potential for improved outcomes and optimized resource use in treating PPFFs.