Prevalence and patterns of traditional and e-cigarette use, and factors associated with e-cigarette use

The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is rising globally, including in the UAE. They are often marketed as harm reduction tools and potential aids for smoking cessation, but their long-term health effects remain unclear.

To determine the prevalence and patterns of e-cigarette and tobacco use among adults in the UAE, and to assess sociodemographic and behavioral factors influencing e-cigarette use.

A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2024 using a structured, self-administered questionnaire. Participants aged 18 years and older were recruited through convenience sampling across public places in the UAE. The questionnaire, available in English, Arabic, Urdu, and Hindi, included items on demographics, smoking and vaping behavior, quit attempts, and influencing factors. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 29. Chi-square tests were used for bivariate analysis to identify associations (p ≤ 0.05). Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine independent predictors of e-cigarette use, with adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals reported.

Among the 1,500 participants, 27.6% reported ever using tobacco products, and 14.1% were current smokers. Cigarettes were the most common product used (22.3%), followed by e-cigarettes (6.1%), shisha (5.6%), and dhokha (1.4%). E-cigarette use was more prevalent among younger adults (10.1% among 18-24-year-olds), females (7.8%), those with higher education, singles, and students. Behavioral factors such as stress, curiosity, social influence, and coping mechanisms were significantly associated with e-cigarette use.

E-cigarette use in the UAE is influenced by a combination of sociodemographic and behavioral factors. The findings highlight the importance of separating e-cigarette use from traditional tobacco consumption in public health research and interventions, particularly when targeting younger populations.