Evaluation of Golf Apparel for Ultraviolet Protection: An Analysis of Skin Coverage Provided by Leading U.S. Golf Apparel Brands for a High-Risk Population
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View abstract on PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.Golf apparel often lacks adequate ultraviolet (UV) protection features. Most clothing provides limited coverage for high-risk areas, despite marketing claims, leaving golfers vulnerable to sun damage.
Area Of Science
- Apparel Science
- Dermatology
- Public Health
Background
- Golfers are at high risk for ultraviolet (UV) exposure due to prolonged outdoor activity.
- Assessing UV protective qualities of golf apparel is crucial for preventing skin damage.
Purpose Of The Study
- To evaluate the UV protective design elements and fabric characteristics of U.S. online golf apparel brands.
- To determine if apparel adequately protects vulnerable skin areas across different demographics.
Main Methods
- Analyzed 671 golf apparel items from five leading U.S. brands.
- Assessed design features and fabric claims for tops, bottoms, accessories, and hats for men, women, and children.
- Quantified skin coverage using a seven-point composite score and analyzed demographic differences with chi-square tests.
Main Results
- Overall UV protection was low, with limited Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF) labeling (7.1%–16.7%).
- Garment design offered limited coverage for arms, hands, and neck; chest and back coverage were nearly universal.
- Significant design variations impacting sun protection were found across demographic groups (p < 0.001).
Conclusions
- Performance golf apparel frequently lacks essential UV protective design features and textiles.
- Manufacturers may prioritize style over evidence-based sun protection, necessitating collaboration with health experts.
- Clinicians should advise golfers on inadequate apparel protection and recommend UPF-certified garments or accessories.
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