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Epidemiological Trends of Heart Failure Subtypes, Characteristics, and Outcomes Within Inpatient Hospitalizations
Kayhon Rabbani1,2, Cloie June Chiong3,2, Roy Mendoza4
1Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA.
Cardiology Research
|January 5, 2026
Summary
Heart failure classification significantly impacts patient outcomes. Advanced subtypes like right, biventricular, and end-stage heart failure are linked to higher costs, longer hospital stays, and increased mortality.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Health Services Research
- Medical Informatics
Background:
- Heart failure (HF) classification impacts inpatient outcomes and demographic associations.
- Understanding these associations is crucial for effective patient management and resource allocation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the impact of heart failure classification on inpatient outcomes.
- To identify demographic associations with different heart failure subtypes.
Main Methods:
- Secondary analysis of a cross-sectional observational study using the 2019 National Inpatient Sample (NIS).
- Included 259,025 adult patients with a primary International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) diagnosis of heart failure.
- Stratified HF subtypes and acuity, analyzing demographic factors and inpatient outcomes.
Main Results:
- HF subtypes included diastolic (35.63%), systolic (30.09%), and combined (18.74%). Acuity was predominantly acute on chronic (72.68%).
- Older adults, African Americans, and males were more frequently admitted; age was the most significant factor.
- Advanced HF subtypes (right, biventricular, end-stage) were associated with increased inpatient costs, longer hospital stays, and higher mortality.
Conclusions:
- Advanced heart failure subtypes are associated with significantly worse inpatient outcomes and higher healthcare utilization.
- Improved HF classification and earlier interventions are needed for diverse patient populations.
- Further research should refine HF diagnosis and coding for better management.
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