Body composition and cognitive function in Chinese rural adults: an exploratory factor analysis and network analysis

Area of Science:

• Gerontology
• Neuroscience
• Public Health

Background:

• Body composition significantly impacts cognitive function, though the relationship is debated.
• Previous research indicates a link between physical characteristics and cognitive abilities.
• Understanding this association is crucial for developing targeted health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the association between body composition and cognitive function in a rural population.
• To identify specific body composition factors influencing cognitive decline.
• To explore the interconnections between body composition and cognitive domains.

Main Methods:

• A multicenter cross-sectional study involving participants from 38 rural townships.
• Exploratory factor analysis to classify 27 body composition variables into 6 factors.
• Logistic regression and network analysis to evaluate associations and identify key variables.

Main Results:

• Six key body composition factors were identified, with muscle mass, central obesity, and leg-dominant fat distribution showing significant associations.
• Central obesity was linked to an increased risk of cognitive decline (OR=1.69).
• Muscle mass (OR=0.393) and leg-dominant fat distribution (OR=0.473) demonstrated protective effects against cognitive decline.

Conclusions:

• Central obesity poses a risk to cognitive function, whereas increased muscle mass and specific fat distribution patterns are protective.
• Interventions focusing on improving muscle mass and managing central obesity may mitigate cognitive decline.
• Targeting cognitive domains like language, attention, and registration could be beneficial in addressing body composition-related cognitive changes.