Outcome of Ruthenium-106 Brachytherapy for Uveal Melanoma and Retinal Vascular Tumors: A Retrospective Study

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of brachytherapy in patients with uveal melanoma and retinal vascular tumors.

Patients who received Ruthenium-106 (Ru-106) plaque brachytherapy at the Torfeh Medical Center between March 2016 and March 2022 were examined in this retrospective case-series. We collected clinical data on tumor features, treatment details, and patient outcomes. These data were analyzed using SPSS software. Tumor regression was the primary outcome that was monitored, with complications being evaluated as secondary outcomes.

Of the 80 patients, 55 had melanoma, 21 had vasoproliferative tumor (VPT), and 4 had retinal capillary hemangioma (RCH). Tumor regression was observed in 74.5% of melanoma cases and 100% of VPT/RCH cases. Significant relationships were found between tumor characteristics, such as thickness and dose rate at the apex, and treatment outcomes. Complications included radiation retinopathy and cataract formation, with recurrence rates of 16.4% in melanoma and 7.7% in VPT/RCH.

Ru-106 plaque brachytherapy is effective in treating various intraocular tumors, particularly VPT/RCH. Tumor thickness significantly influences treatment outcomes, emphasizing the need for tailored approaches in brachytherapy planning. However, small sample sizes for specific tumor types limited the generalization of the outcomes. Future research should focus on refining techniques and mitigating complications to improve patient outcomes in ocular oncology.