Blood exposure accidents and associated risk factors among dental students in Rabat, Morocco: A cross-sectional study

Blood exposure accidents (BEAs) are a major occupational hazard for dental students. Limited data exist on their prevalence and risk factors in Morocco.

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 236 clinical-year dental students (4th-6th year) at the Faculty of Dental Medicine, Rabat. A structured, self-administered questionnaire assessed demographics, BEA history, and clinical practices. Chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression identified independent risk factors.

45.3% of participants reported at least one BEA, primarily from sharp instrument injuries (55.1%) or splashes onto mucous membranes (25.2%). Multivariate analysis showed that male gender was independently associated with higher risk (∼3.3×), with female students having lower odds of BEA (OR = 0.3, 95% CI: 0.18-0.86). Advanced academic year significantly increased risk (5th year: OR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.2-6.2; 6th year: OR = 7.0, 95% CI: 3.1-15.3), while absence of procedural assistance also increased risk (OR = 0.1, 95% CI: 0.05-0.43 for assisted vs. non-assisted). Needle recapping practices showed no significant association.

BEAs are frequent among Moroccan dental students in Rabat, particularly in senior years and when procedures are unassisted. Targeted infection-control education, structured supervision, and national guidelines are needed to reduce occupational risks.

CERB 122-24.