Developing strategies to address persistent and recrudescent trachoma in Ethiopia using the Delphi techniques

Despite significant progress, trachoma persistence and recrudescence in Ethiopia pose a challenge to global elimination of trachoma as a public health problem. Developing evidence-based, expert-informed strategies is crucial for achieving global elimination targets by 2030. Our aim was to develop strategies to address persistent and recrudescent trachoma using Delphi techniques.

The study reviewed literature and studies from districts in southern Ethiopia where trachoma prevalence remains above the elimination threshold. A modified Delphi technique was employed to achieve consensus on strategies. Initially, 78 interventions were identified and reviewed by eight experts, resulting in 46 interventions and 6 strategies advancing to Delphi round 1. In round 1, 16 experts evaluated the strategies and interventions for relevance. In round 2, 32 experts from various institutions assessed them for relevance, feasibility and scalability. In round 3, 20 experts scored the final strategies and interventions for adoption or rejection. Data analysis was conducted using Microsoft Excel, with frequencies, percentages and summaries presented. Stability and descent analysis ensured the quality and consistency of the results.

Six strategies and 28 interventions were recommended, including enhancing service delivery, addressing workforce gaps, overcoming technological and supply chain barriers and ensuring robust data systems. Additionally, healthcare financing and enhanced leadership, management and stakeholder engagement were recommended.

The study identified strategies and interventions to address trachoma persistence and recrudescence in Ethiopia, reinforcing efforts to strengthen the surgery, antibiotics, facial cleanliness and environmental improvement strategy.