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Health literacy is an individual's or a community's capacity to comprehend, receive, read, and use relevant healthcare information and services. The World Health Organization (WHO, 2018) defines health literacy as the cognitive and social skills that determine the ability of individuals to gain access to, understand, and use information in ways that promote and maintain good health. As a result, the WHO helps individuals manage long-term health concerns, participate in preventative...
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Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Head and Neck Cancer Patients' Health Literacy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Lady Paola Aristizabal Arboleda1, Matheus de Abreu1, Andres Pinto2

  • 1Graduate Program of A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil.

Head & Neck
|January 5, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Health literacy (HL) significantly impacts head and neck cancer (HNC) diagnosis timelines and quality of life. Improving HL can enhance patient outcomes and adherence to treatment, though its role in prevention and survival needs more research.

Keywords:
head and neck cancerhealth educationhealth literacymeta‐analysissystematic review

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Public Health
  • Health Communication

Background:

  • Head and neck cancer (HNC) incidence is increasing globally, often associated with poor patient outcomes.
  • Health Literacy (HL) is a potential factor influencing the entire HNC patient journey.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the impact of Health Literacy on Head and Neck Cancer patients.
  • To analyze how HL affects diagnosis, treatment, and quality of life in HNC.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
  • Searched five databases and gray literature for observational studies on HL and HNC.
  • Conducted descriptive analysis and proportional meta-analyses.

Main Results:

  • Eleven studies (2153 patients) met inclusion criteria; most were from the USA.
  • Inadequate HL (11.9%-47%) was prevalent in men, laryngeal cancer patients, and advanced HNC stages, linked to lower treatment adherence.
  • Adequate HL correlated with better educational attainment, improved quality of life (QoL), healthier lifestyles, and faster diagnosis.

Conclusions:

  • Health Literacy demonstrably influences HNC diagnostic timelines, overall QoL, and post-treatment management.
  • Further research is needed to understand HL's role in HNC prevention, screening, and survival rates.