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Energetics of Solution Formation02:35

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The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, which is a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
When the strengths of the intermolecular forces of attraction between solute and solvent species in a solution are no different than those present in the separated components, the solution is formed with no accompanying energy change. Formation of the solution requires the solute–solute and solvent–solvent...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
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Unlocking high-performance lithium metal batteries through a unique solvation structure engineered using an ether

Cham Thanh Le1, Thuy Duong Pham2, Kyung-Koo Lee1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, Jeonbuk 54150, Republic of Korea. kklee@kunsan.ac.kr.

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Summary

This study introduces a novel electrolyte for lithium metal batteries (LMBs) using LiFSI in DEGDEE. The unique solvent design stabilizes interfaces, enhancing battery cycle life and performance for next-generation energy storage.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are promising for high energy density storage.
  • Dendritic growth and electrolyte instability limit LMB commercialization.
  • Developing stable electrolytes is crucial for advanced batteries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a stable electrolyte for LMBs.
  • To enhance the cycle life and safety of LMBs.
  • To investigate the effect of solvent molecular design on ion solvation and interfacial stability.

Main Methods:

  • Formulation of a single-salt, single-solvent electrolyte: lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) in diethylene glycol diethyl ether (DEGDEE).
  • Optimization of LiFSI concentration (1.75 M) in DEGDEE.
  • Electrochemical testing of Li‖Cu and Li‖Li symmetric cells.
  • Performance evaluation of full cells with LiFePO4 cathodes.

Main Results:

  • The LiFSI/DEGDEE electrolyte forms protective anode and cathode interphases.
  • Li‖Cu cells showed ~98% Coulombic efficiency at 25 °C and 60 °C.
  • Li‖Li symmetric cells cycled stably for >1500 h with low polarization (~0.02 V).
  • Full cells achieved high capacity retention (85.4% over 1000 cycles at 25 °C) and efficiency (99.8% at 1.0C).

Conclusions:

  • Engineering Li+ solvation structure via rational solvent design is a viable strategy for stable LMB interfaces.
  • The developed LiFSI/DEGDEE electrolyte significantly improves LMB cycle life and performance.
  • This approach advances LMBs toward practical, high-performance energy storage applications.