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Related Concept Videos

Hydrogen Bonds00:26

Hydrogen Bonds

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Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between atoms that have formed other chemical bonds. One of these atoms is electronegative, like oxygen, and has a partial negative charge. The other is a hydrogen atom that has bonded with another electronegative atom and has a partial positive charge.
Hydrogen Bonds Control the World!
Because hydrogen has very weak electronegativity when it binds with a strongly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, electrons in the bond are unequally shared....
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Hydrogen Bonds01:04

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A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...
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Hydrostatic Pressure Force on a Curved Surface01:04

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Hydrostatic pressure on curved surfaces is a fundamental concept in fluid mechanics with broad applications in the civil engineering field. When fluid is in contact with a curved surface, as in a reservoir, dam, or storage tank, it exerts pressure that varies in magnitude and direction along the curved surface. To assess the total hydrostatic force exerted by the fluid on a curved structure, engineers typically isolate the fluid volume adjacent to the surface and analyze the forces acting on...
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Updated: Jan 7, 2026

In Situ High Pressure Hydrogen Tribological Testing of Common Polymer Materials Used in the Hydrogen Delivery Infrastructure
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Skin-Inspired Gradient Architecture Enabling Dynamic Hydrogen Blocking in an Extreme Hydrogen Environment.

Yangbin Liu1, Shaohua Zhang1, Jiangfeng Ren1

  • 1School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory of Beam Technology of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|January 5, 2026
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Summary

This study introduces a biomimetic gradient coating that significantly enhances hydrogen barrier performance. The novel design prevents hydrogen permeation, offering superior protection for materials in extreme environments.

Keywords:
bio‐inspired designhigh‐entropy nitrideshydrogen barrier coatingsinterface engineeringnano‐gradient architecture

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Surface Engineering
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Hydrogen atoms easily penetrate conventional barrier coatings due to their small size and low diffusion activation energy.
  • This permeation undermines the protective capabilities of materials, especially in demanding applications.
  • Existing hydrogen barrier solutions often fall short in providing long-term, robust protection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel biomimetic gradient coating inspired by biological defense systems.
  • To engineer a coating architecture that effectively blocks hydrogen diffusion and promotes recombination.
  • To establish a new paradigm for designing advanced hydrogen barriers for extreme environments.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a multilayered coating with a catalytic self-passivating surface, an electronic-reconfigured mid-layer, and a gradient-supporting base layer.
  • Integration of in situ formed oxide/hydroxide nanosheets for hydrogen blocking and recombination.
  • Utilizing S-30sccm/CrN heterostructures with charge-polarized interfaces and lattice distortion-induced energy fluctuations to impede hydrogen diffusion.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a record zero-permeation breakthrough time of 105 hours, a significant improvement over bare substrates (298 seconds).
  • Demonstrated significantly reduced apparent diffusion coefficient (D_app = 1.899 × 10^-9 cm^2·s^-1) and permeation flux (J = 4.664 × 10^-13 mol·cm^-2·s^-1), three orders lower than bare substrates.
  • Maintained 95.77% hydrogen embrittlement resistance, showcasing the coating's effectiveness in preserving material integrity.

Conclusions:

  • The biomimetic gradient coating offers a highly effective solution for hydrogen barrier applications.
  • The multiscale synergistic design provides superior hydrogen blocking and recombination capabilities.
  • This research establishes a novel and promising approach for hydrogen barrier design in challenging environments.