Multiple sclerosis, fertility, pregnancy, and assisted reproductive technology: Current knowledge

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Reproductive Medicine
• Immunology

Background:

• Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic central nervous system inflammatory disease affecting young women.
• Historically, pregnancy was discouraged for women with MS, but recent data suggest otherwise.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current knowledge on multiple sclerosis in relation to fertility, pregnancy, assisted reproductive technology (ART), and postpartum care.
• To guide healthcare providers in managing the reproductive health of women with MS.

Main Methods:

• A narrative review of existing literature on MS, fertility, and pregnancy.
• Focus on disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) and ART management.

Main Results:

• MS does not adversely affect fertility or pregnancy outcomes.
• Pregnancy is associated with reduced MS disease activity in the third trimester.
• Specialized management is crucial for reproductive life, including ART and postpartum care.

Conclusions:

• Pregnancy can be a safe option for women with MS, often with reduced disease activity.
• Multidisciplinary care is vital for neurologists, gynecologists, and reproductive specialists.
• Careful management of DMTs and postpartum period is necessary for women with MS planning pregnancy.