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Retrospective Multicenter Study of Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis, France, 2012-2024
Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) in France is characterized by fever, fatigue, and cytopenia in tick-exposed individuals. Prompt doxycycline treatment leads to full recovery, highlighting the need for clinical awareness.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Tick-borne Illnesses
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA), caused by Anaplasma phagocytophilum, is underreported in France.
- Tick bites are the primary transmission route for A. phagocytophilum.
Purpose of the Study:
- To document the clinical and epidemiological features of HGA in Alsace, France.
- To assess the diagnostic and therapeutic outcomes of HGA cases.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective, multicenter study of PCR-confirmed A. phagocytophilum cases from 2012-2024.
- Analysis of patient demographics, symptoms, laboratory findings, and treatment responses.
Main Results:
- 39 HGA episodes in 38 patients, predominantly male, older adults, and rural residents.
- Common symptoms: fever, fatigue, headache. Key lab findings: elevated CRP, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, cytolysis.
- Most patients hospitalized but recovered with doxycycline; no ICU admissions.
Conclusions:
- HGA should be suspected in febrile patients with tick exposure and cytopenia.
- While often benign, severe HGA cases necessitate clinical vigilance in endemic regions.
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