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Published on: May 6, 2010
Unveiling nitrogen and sulfur cycling mechanisms of odor reduction in kitchen waste composting driven by exogenous
Yuqian Li1, Lijia Cao1, Wei Li1
1State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; National Joint Research Center for Ecological Conservation and High Quality Development of the Yellow River Basin, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
Abstract:
Odor emissions, primarily ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) restrict the application of kitchen waste (KW) composting. Microbial inoculation is a promising strategy, yet mechanisms underlying odor mitigation remain unclear. KW composting with and without an immobilized bacterial consortium (IBC) was compared by monitoring physicochemical conditions, odor emissions, and microbial and functional profiles. IBC extended the thermophilic phase, improved composting efficiency, and reduced cumulative H2S (-44 %) and NH3 (-18 %). IBC reshaped bacterial, fungal and archaeal communities and strengthened microbial network connectivity. Metagenomic analysis showed IBC enriched nitrogen-fixation genes and suppressed ammonification, nitrification, denitrification, and nitrate reduction. IBC also enhanced thiosulfate and sulfite oxidation while inhibited reductive pathways linked to H2S formation. Partial least squares path model confirmed odor mitigation resulting from coordinated shifts in environmental conditions, microbial structure, and metabolic pathways. Overall, microbial inoculation effectively reduces odor emissions and enhances composting performance by redirecting nitrogen and sulfur transformations.
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