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Related Concept Videos

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

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Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
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Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets01:17

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Transmission-based precautions are for patients known to be infected or suspected to be infected or colonized with organisms that pose a significant risk to others. Some transmission-based precautions include contact, enteric, and droplet.
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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
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Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) occur in a healthcare facility while a person receives care for another ailment. This category also includes work-related infections among healthcare staff.
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Hazard Ratio01:12

Hazard Ratio

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The hazard ratio (HR) is a widely used measure in clinical trials to compare the risk of events, such as death or disease recurrence, between two groups over time. It reflects the ratio of hazard rates—the instantaneous risk of the event occurring—between a treatment group and a control group. This measure provides valuable insights into the relative effectiveness of a treatment by assessing how the risk of an event differs between the two groups.
For example, in a clinical trial...
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Infection01:20

Infection

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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
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Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Determination of Tolerable Fatty Acids and Cholera Toxin Concentrations Using Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells and BALB/c Mouse Macrophages
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Enhanced Risk for Epidemic Cholera Transmission, Haiti.

Andrew J Curtis, V Madsen Beau De Rochars, Melody Achille

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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Sporadic cholera outbreaks in Haiti are a persistent concern. Novel space-time analysis revealed worrying disease spread patterns near Port-au-Prince, highlighting high-risk areas for future epidemics.

    Keywords:
    HaitiVibrio choleraebacteriacholeraenteric infectionsepidemic

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    Area of Science:

    • Epidemiology
    • Public Health
    • Infectious Disease Dynamics

    Background:

    • Haiti faces ongoing challenges with sporadic cholera outbreaks.
    • Limited government surveillance data often hinders effective response.
    • Understanding disease spread is crucial for public health interventions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To apply a novel space-time analysis technique.
    • To gain insights from restricted epidemiological surveillance data.
    • To identify high-risk areas for cholera transmission in Haiti.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a novel space-time statistical analysis approach.
    • Analyzed limited government-provided epidemiological surveillance data.
    • Focused analysis on the capital city, Port-au-Prince, and surrounding regions.

    Main Results:

    • Identified concerning spatial and temporal patterns of cholera spread.
    • Highlighted specific areas with high risk for epidemic cholera.
    • Revealed disease transmission dynamics within the study region.

    Conclusions:

    • Space-time analysis offers valuable insights even with limited data.
    • The findings underscore the continued risk of cholera in and around Port-au-Prince.
    • Targeted interventions in identified high-risk zones are recommended.