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Niobium Gradient Doping-Driven Microstructural Engineering for High-Performance Nickel-Rich Cathode Materials in

Zhenhao Luo1,2,3, Jintao Li1,2,3, Yue Mu4

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Summary

Niobium modification of nickel-rich layered cathodes enhances lithium-ion battery performance by improving structural integrity and conductivity. This strategy boosts capacity retention and enables rapid charging for next-generation electric vehicles.

Keywords:
Nb modificationNi-rich cathodecapacitor batterycrystallographic orientationlithium-ion battery

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • High-energy lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) utilize nickel-enriched layered cathodes for increased capacity.
  • These cathodes face challenges like structural instability, Ni ion volatility, and thermal runaway.
  • Developing stable and high-performance LIB cathodes is crucial for electric vehicles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance the structural integrity and electrochemical performance of nickel-enriched layered cathodes.
  • To mitigate degradation issues in Li[Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2]O2 (NCM622) through niobium (Nb) modification.
  • To explore the potential of Nb-modified NCM622 in hybrid capacitor-LIB electrodes for high power and energy density.

Main Methods:

  • A two-step strategy for gradient Nb doping in NCM622 was employed.
  • Nb modification involved doping within particles and decorating grain boundaries/surfaces.
  • A capacitor-LIB hybrid electrode was fabricated using Nb-modified NCM622 and graphene.

Main Results:

  • Nb doping increased interplanar spacing, facilitating lithium-ion diffusion and enhancing stability.
  • Nb decoration suppressed electrolyte decomposition and improved electronic conductivity.
  • Nb-NCM622 cathodes retained 86% capacity after 300 cycles at 5C, outperforming pristine NCM622 (68.34%).
  • A 7 Ah pouch full-cell with a hybrid cathode maintained ~90% capacity after 7000 cycles at 70 A.

Conclusions:

  • Gradient Nb doping and surface decoration offer a simple yet effective method to stabilize Ni-enriched layered cathodes.
  • Nb modification significantly improves cycling stability, rate capability, and safety of LIBs.
  • The developed hybrid electrode technology shows promise for next-generation electric vehicles requiring high energy and power density.