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Metabolic Phenotypes and the Risk of Cancer Occurrence: A Prospective Cohort Study with 18-Year Follow-up
Mahdieh Golzarand1, Nazanin Moslehi1, Farhad Hosseinpanah2
1Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome
|January 6, 2026
Summary
Metabolically unhealthy individuals face a higher cancer risk. Obesity independently increases breast cancer risk, but metabolic status changes do not affect cancer occurrence.
Area of Science:
- Metabolic health and disease
- Cancer epidemiology
- Obesity research
Background:
- Limited evidence exists on the link between dynamic metabolic phenotypes and cancer risk.
- Metabolic health status is increasingly recognized as a factor influencing chronic disease development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between various metabolic health statuses and the risk of cancer.
- To explore the relationship between metabolic phenotypes and cancer incidence in adults.
Main Methods:
- Prospective cohort study of 11,445 adults followed for 18 years.
- Metabolic phenotypes classified using the Joint Interim Statement criteria.
- Cox proportional hazards modeling used to assess cancer risk.
Main Results:
- Metabolically unhealthy normal weight/overweight individuals had a 37% higher cancer risk.
- Metabolically unhealthy obese individuals had an 84% higher cancer risk compared to metabolically healthy individuals.
- Obesity, regardless of metabolic status, increased breast cancer risk in women.
Conclusions:
- Metabolically unhealthy phenotypes are associated with increased overall cancer incidence.
- Obesity is an independent risk factor for breast cancer.
- Transitions between metabolic health statuses did not correlate with cancer risk.
Keywords:
Metabolic phenotype unhealthy phenotypeMetabolically healthy obesityMetabolically unhealthy normal weightNeoplasmsMore Related Videos
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